LearnWithTest

1 A 60-year-old woman presents with recurrent renal stones, bone pain, and constipation. Serum calcium is 12.8 mg/dL and PTH is elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Secondary hyperparathyroidism Primary hyperparathyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Pseudohypoparathyroidism

2 A patient with chronic kidney disease has hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and markedly elevated PTH. What is the mechanism?

Autonomous PTH secretion Low vitamin D and phosphate retention Parathyroid carcinoma Calcium receptor mutation

3 A dialysis patient develops hypercalcemia with very high PTH after years of secondary hyperparathyroidism. What is the diagnosis?

Primary hyperparathyroidism Secondary hyperparathyroidism Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism

4 A patient develops carpopedal spasm and perioral tingling after thyroidectomy. Which abnormality explains this?

Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia from hypoparathyroidism Hypokalemia Hypermagnesemia

5 A short-statured patient with round face and brachydactyly has low calcium, high phosphate, and high PTH. What is the diagnosis?

Primary hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism Vitamin D deficiency

6 A patient with serum calcium of 15 mg/dL presents with dehydration and confusion. What is the first-line therapy?

Oral calcium IV normal saline Calcitriol Parathyroid surgery

7 Which skeletal finding is typical of long-standing primary hyperparathyroidism?

Osteomalacia Osteitis fibrosa cystica Paget disease Osteopetrosis

8 A patient with hyperparathyroidism has low serum phosphate due to which effect of PTH?

Increased intestinal absorption Increased renal excretion Bone uptake Reduced vitamin D

9 A patient with hypercalcemia has suppressed PTH and normal vitamin D. What is the most likely cause?

Parathyroid adenoma Malignancy Pseudohypoparathyroidism CKD

10 A neonate with hypocalcemic seizures is found to have absent parathyroid glands. Which syndrome is responsible?

MEN 1 DiGeorge syndrome Turner syndrome Down syndrome

11 A patient with hypoparathyroidism is treated long-term with which drug?

Calcitonin Calcitriol Bisphosphonates Loop diuretics

12 Which ECG change is seen in hypocalcemia?

Short QT Prolonged QT Peaked T waves Wide QRS

13 A patient has hypercalcemia with low urinary calcium excretion. What is the diagnosis?

Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Malignancy Vitamin D toxicity

14 Which drug reduces PTH secretion by activating calcium-sensing receptors?

Calcitonin Calcimimetics Bisphosphonates Vitamin D

15 Definitive treatment of tertiary hyperparathyroidism is?

Vitamin D Phosphate binders Parathyroidectomy Calcitonin